HESH vs SLOPED ARMOUR SIMULATION | 105mm High Explosive Squash Head | Armour Penetration Simulation

High-Explosive Squash-Head munitions spread out on contact with a plate before detonating -the angle of the plate will have an effect on how the round deforms, altering how the blast will affect the armour underneath. Upon detonation, shockwaves are sent through the armour, which reflect and superimpose, fracturing the back side of the plate. This generates a significant amount of shrapnel which can incapacitate or damage anyone/anything on the other side of the target.

The HESH round simulated is the 105mm L43A1 projectile, but is similar in principal to most other HESH rounds of all calibres. For the simulation, the explosive filler used was RDX, as there were no material properties available for the RDX/WX mixture used in the actual projectile.

The real-world detonation delay is unknown, so a 'realistic' one was chosen. The 75° plate may not cause detonation in reality. Projectile spin (from rifling) was not included.

Material Properties and Projectile Design from Literature:
[1] RDX: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
[2] Air: https://osf.io/f8awq/download/?versio...
[3] Steel & RHA: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/28829...
[4] L43A1: https://www.militaryimages.net/media/...

The model uses JWL parameters for the RDX, ideal gas for air, and with JC parameters for the metals (including tensile failure). A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian model was used.