Ideal Gas Equation - Intuition | video in HINDI

In this Physics ( Thermodynamics ) video tutorial in Hindi / Urdu for class 11 and B.Sc. Part 1 we explained Ideal Gas Equation which is PV equals nRT. We also talked about gas constant during the derivation of the formula PV = nRT. We grow the intuition for Boyle's law and Charles' law.
Boyle's law states that for fixed amount of gas at constant temperature the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas. The charles' law states that for fixed amount of gas at constant volume the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas and at constant pressure the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
We saw that the gas constant = 8.31 J / mol . K and the Boltzmann constant = 1.38 X 10 ^(-23) J/K. Boltzmann constant is Ideal gas constant devided be Avogadro number. Avogadro number is the number of molecules contained in one mole of a gas sample.

A gas sample in a container consists of a lot of molecules. Those molecules are free to move in random directions with random speed. When the molecules strike any wall of the container those exert force on that wall. Due to the existence of that force there exists pressure. That pressure is called the pressure of the gas. When volume reduces the molecules have a less amount of space to move. Due to that fact the number of collision with the wall increases and hence pressure increases. With this fact we can easily understand that by keeping the number of molecules and the temperature fixed the pressure increases with the decrement of volume. Mathematically, it can be stated that the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume. This is Boyle's law.
Now if we keep the volume constant and we increase the temperature what happens is the molecules get higher amount of energy that is kinetic energy. And we know that kinetic energy increases with the increment of speed, so we can say, by increasing temperature we increase the speed of the molecules of the gas. Due to the increased speed, the number of collision increases and each and every collision imparts more amount of force on the walls. Hence we can say, with the increment of temperature pressure increases. Here temperature is measured in kelvin scale and not in Celsius or Fahrenheit scale.
Similarly it can be easily understood that volume is directly proportional to temperature as long as the number of molecules and pressure are constant. These are Charles' laws.
Now if we keep temperature and volume constant and we increase the number of molecules in the sample, it is easily understood that with the increment of number of molecules the pressure increases because number of collisions increases.
With all of the above statements it can be stated that the product of the pressure and the volume is proportional to the product of the temperature and the number of moles. Hence, it can be stated that PV = nRT. It is called the Ideal gas equation. Where P is pressure, V is volume and n is number of moles, T is absolute temperature and R is a constant of proportionality which is called the gas constant or the ideal gas constant whose value is 8.31 joule per mole per kelvin.
With this ideal gas equation we can easily derive the alternate form of this equation which is P V = N k T, where N is the total number of molecules present in the sample and K is the Boltzmann constant.


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Other relevant topics:

RMS speed of gases : Root Mean Square speed of gases.
Click here to watch the video :
   • RMS Speed and Gas Laws | video in HINDI  

Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature : The temperature of a fixed amount of gas is proportional to the total kinetic energy of all the molecules of the sample.
Click here to watch the video :
   • Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature | vi...  

Boyle's law :- It states that at constant temperature for a fixed mass, the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
Click here to watch the video :
   • Boyle's law | video in HINDI  

Charles' law :- It states that at a given pressure, the volume of a given mass of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature and at a given volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature.
Click here to watch the video :
   • Charles' Law | video in HINDI  

Avogadro's Law :
Click here to watch the video :
   • Avogadro's Law | video in HINDI  

Graham's law of diffusion or effusion :
Click here to watch the video :
   • Graham's law of Diffusion or Effusion | vi...  

Dalton's law of partial pressures :
Click here to watch the video :
   • Dalton's law of Partial Pressure | Explain...  

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