Alcohol | Lecture #6 | Hindi | IIT JEE ADV | OC | MS Chouhan Sir

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1. Lucas Test
Purpose: To differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Reagent: Lucas reagent (a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride).
Procedure: Add the alcohol to Lucas reagent in a test tube. Observe the time taken for the solution to turn cloudy.
Results:
Tertiary alcohols: Cloudiness forms immediately (within seconds).
Secondary alcohols: Cloudiness forms within a few minutes.
Primary alcohols: No cloudiness or reaction, even after prolonged time.

2. Chromic Acid Test (Jones Test)
Purpose: To differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Reagent: Chromic acid (H₂CrO₄).
Procedure: Add chromic acid to the alcohol. A color change will occur if a reaction takes place.
Results:
Primary and secondary alcohols: Produce a green to blue-green color, indicating oxidation.
Tertiary alcohols: No color change as they cannot be oxidized under these conditions.

3. Iodoform Test
Purpose: To detect alcohols with the structure CH₃CH(OH)- (methyl alcohols).
Reagent: Iodine in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
Procedure: Add iodine solution to the alcohol, followed by NaOH. Heat the mixture.
Results:
Positive result: Formation of a yellow precipitate (iodoform), indicating the presence of a methyl alcohol.

4. Sodium Metal Test
Purpose: To test for the presence of any alcohol group.
Reagent: Sodium metal.
Procedure: Add a small piece of sodium metal to the alcohol.
Results: Effervescence or fizzing indicates the evolution of hydrogen gas, which confirms the presence of alcohol.

5. Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Test
Purpose: To detect the presence of alcohols.
Reagent: Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN).
Procedure: Add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate to the alcohol.
Results:
Positive result: A color change from yellow to red indicates the presence of an alcohol.

Each of these tests relies on specific chemical reactions between the alcohol and the reagent, providing qualitative or semi-quantitative information about the type of alcohol present.

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