Lec 4 l Carbohydrates l Monosaccharides l Structure l Class 11 l Biology l Newbook l 2025

📘 Carbohydrates & Monosaccharides | Detailed Structure & Types | Biology 2025 l Class 11

Welcome to Yousuf Biology Academy!
In this detailed lecture, we will explore Carbohydrates with special focus on Monosaccharides — the simplest and most essential sugar units in biology.


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🔬 What you'll learn in this video:
✅ Definition of Carbohydrates – Hydrated Carbon
✅ General formula of carbohydrates: C(H₂O)ₙ
✅ Classification: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
✅ Monosaccharides in Detail:

What are Monosaccharides?

General Formula: (CH₂O)ₙ

Classification by carbon atoms:
 🔹 Trioses (e.g. Glyceraldehyde)
 🔹 Tetroses
 🔹 Pentoses (e.g. Ribose, Deoxyribose)
 🔹 Hexoses (e.g. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose)
✅ Difference between Aldoses and Ketoses
✅ Open chain vs Ring structure of Glucose
✅ Isomers of Monosaccharides
✅ Sweetness, solubility and energy importance of monosaccharides
✅ Role of monosaccharides in respiration and metabolism


📚 All content is covered according to Class 11 l 2025 syllabus.

🎓 Ideal for MDCAT aspirants, NUMS students, and FSc (Pre-Medical) biology learners.


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🔍 Keywords:
Monosaccharides, Carbohydrates, Types of Monosaccharides, Glucose structure, Fructose, Ribose, Deoxyribose, Aldose, Ketose, Hexose sugars, FSc Biology Chapter 2, MDCAT 2025, Biomolecules, Organic molecules, Simple sugars, Ring structure of glucose, Monosaccharides examples


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