Digestive System - Buccal Cavity, Small Intestine, Large Intestine | ICSE Class 9 Biology

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Absorption through intestinal wall into blood for glucose, fructose, amino acids; glycerol and fatty acids enter lymph in lymph vessels or lacteals in small intestine
Enzymes – catalyze or speed up reaction and so are called biocatalysts – can be anabolic or catabolic (metabolic together); digestive enzyme are catabolic and called hydrolytic enzymes (lipase, protease and carbohydrase)
Assimilation of food
Glucose is used in respiration and excess converted to glycogen in liver
Amino acid for synthesis of proteins to be used by enzymes and for constructing cell organelles
Fatty acid and glycerol – converted to fats

Salivary Glands – parotid (front & beneath ears); submaxillary (inner side of lower jaw); Sublingual (below tongue) – saliva – slightly alkaline (pH=7.2) – water, salt, mucin; saliva is antiseptic and contain lysozyme to kill germs in mouth. Salivary Amylase convert starch to sugar
Liver – largest gland, reddish brown – 1.5 kg – right side – formed of hepatic cells; liver produces bile juice which is stored in gall bladder and released in duodenum
Gall Bladder- transparent, ovoid sac in one liver lobes – receive bile from liver via hepatic duct and stores it – it opens into duodenum through common bile duct.
Pancreas – diffused, pink color – leaf shaped in U loop of duodenum – it is dual gland
-exocrine – formed of acini or pancreatic lobules – produce pancreatic juice to digest sugar and proteins
-endocrine – formed of islets of Langerhans – produce insulin and glucagon to regulate glucose level in blood