CNS Pharmacology : Antidepressants - Atypical antidepressants ( Part 4 )

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CNS Pharmacology: Antidepressants - Atypical antidepressants ( Part 4 )

Antidepressants are used primarily to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), although they are also indicated for the treatment of many other neuropsychiatric conditions. The most widely used classes of antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Most of these drugs work by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine within the synaptic cleft. SSRIs are the first-line treatment for the vast majority of patients with depression because of their efficacy and favorable side-effect profile. While MAOIs and TCAs also have a high degree of efficacy, they are no longer widely used because of their undesirable side-effect profiles. Serotonin syndrome may occur as a complication of serotonergic antidepressant use; TCA toxicity is also possible, as is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, which is caused by abrupt withdrawal or dose reduction of an antidepressant taken for ≥ 4 weeks.

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