2nd Stage of Labour Demonstration | GYNAE & OBS OSPE | Final Year MBBS | FS MEDI TUBE

Tutorial by: Ferdous Shimul
Marks Medical College

Description:
The second stage of labour is a pivotal phase in the childbirth process, marking the journey from full cervical dilation (10 cm) to the delivery of the baby. This stage involves active pushing by the mother and coordinated uterine contractions to help the baby move through the birth canal.

The Process of Labour and Delivery in the Second Stage:

1. Engagement and Descent:

The baby's head enters the pelvis and moves downward, guided by uterine contractions and maternal effort.



2. Flexion:

The baby's chin tucks to its chest, allowing the smallest diameter of the head to pass through the birth canal.



3. Internal Rotation:

The baby's head rotates to align with the pelvic outlet, facilitating smooth progression through the birth canal.



4. Crowning:

The baby’s head becomes visible at the vaginal opening, a critical moment that requires careful monitoring to prevent perineal trauma.



5. Extension:

The baby’s head moves outward, first the forehead, then the nose, and finally the chin, completing the delivery of the head.



6. Restitution and External Rotation:

After the head is delivered, it rotates to align with the baby’s shoulders as they prepare to pass through the birth canal.



7. Delivery of the Shoulders and Body:

Gentle traction helps deliver the shoulders—first the anterior (upper) shoulder and then the posterior (lower) shoulder—followed by the rest of the body.




The process is guided by the healthcare team, ensuring maternal comfort and fetal safety, with timely interventions if complications arise. This natural yet complex sequence is an extraordinary culmination of pregnancy, resulting in the birth of the baby.

Learn the full details and techniques for managing this stage effectively in our video.