(黃慧音) Imee Ooi - Tisarana (Pali): Three Refuges (Tam Bảo)

Website: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Buddhis...

Pali: tiratana, tisarana
Sanskrit : त्रिरत्न (triratna), रत्नत्रय (ratna-traya)
Thai: ไตรรัตน์ (trairat), รัตนตรัย (rattanatrai)
Lao: ໄຕແກ້ວ (tài kɛ̂ːu) / ໄຕລັດ (tài lāt)
Sinhalese: තෙරුවන් (teruwan)
Chinese: 三宝, 三寶 (sānbǎo)
Vietnamese: Tam bảo
Korean: 삼보 (sambo)
Japanese: 三宝 (sambō, sampō)
Mongolian: ɣurban erdeni
Tibetan: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ,
Marathi: त्रिशरण (trisharan)

The Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, the Three Refuges, or the Triple Gem (त्रिरत्न (triratna)), are the three things that Buddhists take refuge in, and look toward for guidance, in the process known as taking refuge.

The Three Jewels are:
Buddha
Dharma
Sangha

Taking refuge in the Three Jewels is central to Buddhist lay and monastic ordination ceremonies, as originated by Gautama Buddha, according to the scriptures. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text (cf Infant baptism).

Taking refuge in the Three Jewels is generally considered to make one officially a Buddhist. Thus, in many Theravada Buddhist communities, the following Pali chant, the Vandana Ti-sarana is often recited by both monks and lay people:

Buddham saranam gacchāmi
I go for refuge in the Buddha.

Dhammam saranam gacchāmi
I go for refuge in the Dharma.

Sangham saranam gacchāmi
I go for refuge in the Sangha

The Triple Gem is in the center of one of the major practices of mental "reflection" in Buddhism; the reflection on the true qualities of the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. These qualities are called the Mirror of the Dharma in the Mahaparinibbana Sutta and help the practitioner attain the true "mind like a mirror".

Tam bảo là "Ba ngôi báu", ba cơ sở chính của Phật giáo: Phật, Pháp, Tăng, tức là bậc giác ngộ, giáo pháp của bậc giác ngộ và những người bạn đồng học. Người có niềm tin kiên cố nơi Tam bảo được gọi là bậc Dự lưu (vào dòng). Người Phật tử biểu lộ sự tin tưởng bằng cách quy y Tam bảo (Tam quy y). Trong mười phép quán Tuỳ niệm, ba đối tượng đầu tiên là Tam bảo.