Rain Water Harvesting: Rain Water Harvesting In Farmland | Pond | Borewell | Open well Recharge

Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve Rainwater by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying the rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks, roads, open grounds, farmlands etc. for later use. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into groundwater as well.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting:

Farm Pond:

Farm Pond is a dug out structure with definite shape and size having proper inlet and outlet structures for collecting the surface runoff flowing from the farm area.

Farm ponds are cost effective Rain water harvesting Tool & storage structures constructed at the lowest portion of the farm area.

Farm ponds recycles the harvested rainwater for the irrigation of crops.

Farm pond should be dug into the ground in a naturally low-lying
area. A pond that is about 10m x 10m and 3m deep is an ideal size.

Soil excavated from pond is used for constructing bund around farm pond
and provide slopy inner sides lined with stones & rocks to prevent erosion.

Raised mound and earthen bund around the pond should be planted with
trees and grass for stability and shade and wind protection.

The pond should have an inlet lined with rock to prevent soil erosion. I have used a pipe as a inlet connecting the pond and Desilting Tank.

A small settling pit at the inlet will help to remove silt and it helps in
diverting the runoff into pond in a controlled manner.

Open Well Recharge:

A open well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water.

Open well recharge is a very effective method of rain water harvesting where the wells are recharged with rainwater thereby bringing up the groundwater level.

The open wells have to be desilted and cleaned before being used for ground water recharge.

Rainwater must be passed through the desilting tank before it is allowed to flow into the well therby removing all the silts and debries.

Borewell Recharge:

Normally a small pond of 10x10x3 feet is made around the bore well filled with sand, gravel & stones. channels of 6 inches are made to direct the rainwater from the roof & surroundings into the box. around the bore well pipe small holes are drilled & covered with fine nylon cloth as a filter to prevent mud from entering the bore

Bottom of this pit is lined with filtration material such as cahrcoal, gravels, stones and sand

Pond around the borewell should be filled with charcoal, gravels, stones and sand

Rainwater from the roof or runoff must not be directly allowed to flow into the Bore well.

Desilting Tank:

Desilting Tank is a collection chamber which mainly removes the fine silt and sediments that is carried with the rainwater collected from rooftop or farm area or runoff.

Desilting tank prevents the direct flow of rainwater into borewell or any other rainwater harvesting system or storage container.

Benefits of rainwater harvesting:

The Major benefits are:
To meet water demand for domestic, animal and recreational use.
To provide life saving / supplemental irrigation to crops and plantation
To augment groundwater recharge
To improve moisture status of the soil profile
To reduce soil erosion
To help in peak flood retardation
To spray insecticides /pesticides in crop management

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