Class (50) = Alkaloid (Part 06) | Qualitative Test for Alkaloids | Identification Test of Alkaloids

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ALKALOID
An alkaloid, any of a class of naturally occurring organic nitrogen-containing bases. Alkaloids have diverse and important physiological effects on humans and other animals. Well-known alkaloids include morphine, strychnine, quinine, ephedrine, and nicotine.Alkaloids are natural, organic substances that are predominantly found in plants and normally contain at least one nitrogen atom in their chemical structure. Alkaloids are the active components of numerous medicinal plants or plant-derived drugs and poisons, and their structural diversity and different physiological activities are unmatched by any other group of natural products.Although alkaloids have been detected in some animals (e.g., in the toxic secretions of fire ants, ladybugs, and toads), their major occurrence is in the flowering plants.

The qualitative chemical tests used for detection of alkaloids are depend on the character of alkaloids to give precipitate as salts of organic acids or with compound of heavy metals like Hg, Au, Pt, etc.
1. Test by Dragendorff reagent (Potassium-bismuth-iodide solution): Alkaloids give reddish brown precipitate with this reagent.
2. Test by Mayer reagent (Potassium-mercuric-iodide solution): Alkaloids gives cream colour precipitate with this reagent.
2. Test by Wagner reagent (iodine-potassium-iodide solution): Alkaloids give Brown colour precipitate with this reagent.
3. Test by Hager reagent (Saturated solution of picric acid): Alkaloids give yellow colour precipitate with this reagent.

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