Vaisesika School of Indian Philosophy: Creation -Parmanu Vada, Atomism | Philosophy

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The concept of Parmanu-vada
Effect does not pre-exist in the cause.
Creation is a new beginning, a fresh creation or arambhavada.
This doctrine is also known as Parmanu-karana-vada.
Indivisible particles are called atoms.
All the physical things or material things are produced by the combination of atoms (Creation).
Similarly, destruction is nothing but dissolution of such combinations of atoms.
Only the atomic combinations are subject to production and destruction.
So, Nyaya-Vaisesika advocates the theory of fresh creation.
Also know as asat-karya-vada or arambha-vada or parmanu-vada.
The nature and workings of Atom or parmanu:
According to Nyaya-Vaisesika, atoms are said to be of four kinds; earth, water, fire and air.
These atoms combine in geometrical progression and they increase by multiplication.
Motion is imparted to them by adrsta or the unseen power.
When motion is imparted to them, they begin to vibrate or parispanda.
When they begin to vibrate, they immediately change into dyads.
A dyad is produced by combination of two atoms.
The atoms are its inherent cause, conjunction is its non-inherent cause and the unseen power or adrsta is its efficient cause.
A dyad or dvyanuka is minute (anu), short (hrasva), and imperceptible in nature.
Three dyads combine and form a triad or tryanuka.
A triad or tryanuka is great (mahat), long (dirgha), and perceptible in nature.
So, the geometrical progression (not arithmetical) goes on till the gross elements like earth, water, fire and air arise.
Atomism
The Vaisesika atomism is not materialistic atomism.
It also accepts the doctrine of the Law of Karma
The physical world pre-supposes the moral order.
Evolution is the result of the unseen power or adrsta consisting of merits and demerits of the individual souls which want to bear the fruits of their actions.
For instance, experience of enjoyments or sufferings and pain in life.
Questions
1. The effect does not pre-exist in the cause is called
A. Satkaryavada
B. Asatkaryavada
C. Both A and B
D. Creation

Answer: B
Explanation: According to Nyaya Vaisesika, the effect does not pre-exist in the cause. This belief belongs to the theory of asat-karyavada. According to them, creation is a new beginning, a fresh creation or arambhavada.

2. _____ is the minutest particle of matter which is indivisible, part-less and eternal in nature.
A. Parmanu
B. Atom
C. Both A and B
D. None of these

Answer: C
Explanation: Atom or parmanu is the minutest particle of matter which is indivisible, part-less and eternal in nature.

Chapters:
0:00 Vaisesika School of Indian Philosophy
0:06 The Concept of Parmanu-Vada
1:27 Indivisible Particles are Called Atoms
2:48 The Nature & Workings of Atom or Parmanu
4:22 Atomism
5:17 Questions
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