TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF IRON ORE PELLETS FULL CHEMICAL TESTING PROCEDURE WITH REACTIONS ||

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Determination of iron content in rocks and minerals is an important aspect in metallurgical, geochemical, and petrochemical investigations [1]. Iron is the least expensive and most widely used metal which is extensively used for the infrastructure development works, heavy machinery tools, agricultural tools, and household utensils. Hematite and magnetite are commonly exploited iron-bearing ores among the various minerals of iron like hematite (α-Fe2O3 or α-polymorph of ferric oxide), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), limonite (FeO (OH). nH2O or hydrated ferric oxide hydroxide), goethite (α-polymorph of limonite), siderite (FeCO3), and pyrite (FeS2) [2, 3]. Except hematite, other ores are less stable in ambient conditions, and also, contain less amount of iron.
The presence of impurities lowers the percentage of iron in the ore. The quality of iron ore is evaluated based on the iron content. More specifically, the ores having iron content above 65% are regarded as high-grade; iron content in the range of 62–64% is medium (average) grade, and iron content below 58% is considered as low-grade ores [4, 5]. Generally, hematite ores containing less than 30% iron are not preferable for extraction from economic point of view until and unless it is not ruled out by some other relevant factors such as superficial location of ores, cheap economy of extraction, and surface located ores. However, dawn of newer technology can support the extraction of ores under minimum cost contrary to the conventional methods of extraction.

It is reported that iron (III) oxide has four polymorphs, namely, alpha, beta, gamma, and zeta-iron oxides with molecular representation, α-Fe2O3 (hematite), β-Fe2O3, ϒ-Fe2O3 (maghemite), є-Fe2O3, respectively. Out of them, α-Fe2O3 is antiferromagnetic while the remaining all are ferromagnetic [6, 7]. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is also ferromagnetic substance. Hematite (Fe2O3) is a reddish-brown, heavy, and relatively hard oxide mineral of iron. It is harder and more brittle than pure iron. Fe2O3 possesses a corundum structure specifically trigonal hexagonal scalenohedral, holohedral, and rhombohedral crystal structure, and it is highly stable in ambient conditions [8]. Iron is a major component of hematite ore and forms a principal constituent of steel. The world's iron ore production increased from 274 million tons (in 1950 AD) to 1554 million tons (in 2005 AD) [9]. By the end of the twentieth century, iron consumption for steel manufacture only was standing 850 million tons. It is estimated that the world resource of crude iron ores is approximately 800 billion tones containing more than 230 billion tons of iron [10]. The known resources of iron ores could run out within the next 64 years as the demand for iron is increasing 10% per year. Most of the known deposits contain low-grade ores with iron contents less than 30% [11]. In this context, it is very urgent to search the mines of iron ore, their distribution, deposits, financial, economic, and chemical tests to extract iron from it.