Post-Mauryan Period Explained | Political Fragmentation, Economy & Society | Ancient India UPSC

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In this comprehensive lecture, we begin the detailed study of the Post-Mauryan Period (600 BCE – 300 CE), one of the most complex and frequently asked topics in UPSC and State PSC examinations.

The post-Mauryan age is often referred to by historians as a “Dark Age”, primarily due to political fragmentation, economic degradation, and social divisions following the decline of the Mauryan Empire after Ashoka. This session systematically connects earlier periods of ancient Indian history with the developments that eventually led to the Gupta Age.

🔑 Key Themes Covered in the Video:

Recap of Ancient India timeline:
Stone Age → Indus Valley Civilization → Vedic Age → Mahajanapadas → Mauryan Empire

Decline of Mauryan Empire after Ashoka and Brihadratha

Political fragmentation and rise of regional powers

Invasions during the Post-Mauryan period:

Indo-Greeks (Bactrian Greeks)

Sakas

Parthians

Kushanas

Cultural and artistic impact of foreign rulers (especially North-West India, Rajasthan & Gujarat)

Economic degradation and decline of urbanization

Changes in land system and agrarian structure

Evolution of social divisions and caste rigidity

Rise and spread of Buddhism and Jainism

Importance of Stupas (Sanchi, relic worship, votive structures)

UPSC Prelims focus:

Buddhist architecture

Arthashastra and slavery laws

Social and economic institutions

This lecture also explains how land systems and revenue administration drive historical change, making it easier to understand transitions from Ancient → Medieval → Modern India.

📌 Highly useful for:

UPSC Prelims & Mains (GS Paper I)

State PSC exams

History Optional students

Conceptual clarity + factual coverage

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