Environmental Impact Assessment - Analyzing Benefits and Actions (Examrace)

Dr. Manishika Jain in this lecture explains the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and difference between EIA and Strategic EIA.

Tool to identify environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making – UNEP
In India, Started in 1978-79 by river valley projects
EIA has now been made mandatory under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 for 29 categories of developmental activities that involves investments of Rs. 50 crores & more

Chapters:
0:00 Introduction: Environmental Impact Assessment - Analysing Benefits and Actions
0:07 EIA – Definition
4:51 Stages Involved in EIA
6:16 Which Projects fall under EIA?
7:59 What to Address?
9:19 Benefits of EIA
10:12 Procedure
11:56 Follow Up
12:07 Polluter’s Pay Principle
12:24 Precautionary Principle
13:24 Strategic EIA
14:09 Environment Impact Assessment
14:19 Strategic Environment Assessment

#Implementation #Effluents #Concentration #Hazardous #Cumulatively #Screening #Compliance #Enforcement #Developmental #Investments #Manishika #Examrace


Stages Involved in EIA
Screening
Scoping
Assessment & Evaluation
Report EIA: Non-technical summary for the general audience
Review EIS
Decision Making: Whether to approve project or not
Monitoring, Compliance, Enforcement
Environmental Auditing

Which projects fall under EIA?
Which can significantly alter the landscape, land use pattern & lead to concentration of working population
Which need upstream development activity like assured mineral and forest products supply
Which need downstream industrial process development
Those involving manufacture, handling and use of hazardous materials
Those sited near ecologically sensitive areas, urban centers, hill resorts, places of scientific and religious importance
Industrial Estates which could cumulatively cause significant environmental damage
What to Address?
Meteorology and air quality
Hydrology and water quality
Site and its surroundings
Occupational safety and health
Details of the treatment and disposal of effluents and the methods of alternative uses
Transportation of raw material and details of material handling
Control equipment and measures proposed to be adopted
Benefits of EIA
Environmental benefits
Economic benefits
Reduced cost and time of project implementation and design
Avoided treatment
Clean-up costs
Impacts of laws and regulations
Procedure
Follow Up
Precautionary Principle: If an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public, or environment, in the absence of scientific consensus, the burden of proof falls on those taking the action. Part of Rio Declaration & Kyoto Protocol.
Polluter’s Pay Principle: To make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment. Support from OECD and European Community.
Strategic EIA
Formalized, systematic & comprehensive process to identify & evaluate environmental consequences of proposed policies, plans or programs
Ensure full inclusion
Address at earliest possible stage of decision-making on a par with economic & social considerations
Can be applied to entire sector

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Dr. Manishika Jain served as visiting professor at Gujarat University. Earlier she was serving in the Planning Department, City of Hillsboro, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA with focus on application of GIS for Downtown Development and Renewal. She completed her fellowship in Community-focused Urban Development from Colorado State University, Colorado, USA. For more information - https://www.examrace.com/About-Examra... #examrace #upsc #ugcnet