Animals: Tour of 9 Phyla

Join the Amoeba Sisters in exploring some general animal characteristics, major vocabulary used in classifying animals (such as symmetry, protostome vs deuterostome, cephalization, and coelom), and take a general tour of 9 major animal phyla. Of the phyla mentioned, 8 of them consist completely of invertebrate animals. While each phylum discussion will be brief, we encourage you to explore more in this video description! And remember - there are plenty of fascinating animal exceptions.

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
1:11 What Is An Animal?
1:57 Symmetry
2:33 Cephalization
2:57 Protostomes vs Deuterostomes
3:52 Triploblastic Animals
4:20 Coelom
4:50 Start of Phylum Tour
4:55 Porifera
5:28 Cnidaria
6:03 Platyhelminthes
6:34 Nematoda
7:32 Mollusca
8:04 Annelida
8:32 Arthropoda
9:09 Echinodermata
10:00 Invertebrate vs Vertebrate Animals
10:30 Chordata
11:45 More to Explore

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FACTUAL REFERENCES:
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “Biology 2e.” Openstax.org, OpenStax, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/27-1-features-of-the-animal-kingdom.

Hickman, Cleveland P, et al. Integrated Principles of Zoology. New York, Ny, Mcgraw-Hill Education, 2020.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

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FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
1. We mention that the larvae of echinoderms (like the sea star) have bilateral symmetry while generally most echinoderm adults have radial symmetry. It's a fascinating phylum. Learn more about this what is meant by "secondary radial symmetry" :
https://biosurvey.ou.edu/Invert_manua...

Learn more about their bilateral ancestry and how this impacts the classification of the phylum:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s4200...

2. Learn more about protostome and deuterostome characteristics! https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e...

3. Explore more about each phylum we discussed (and more!): https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e...

4. Explore more about Chordata: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e...

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