John Locke Individualism & Criticism - Western Political Thought: Political Science

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Introduction: Born in 1632 in England.
Major works: Treatise on Government
Essay concerning human understanding
Fundamental Constitution concerning California.
Was champion of individualism and liberalism of 18th century.
Ardent advocator of popular sovereignty.
Died in 1704.
Human Nature: People as efficient ,capable and considerate being.
People are peace loving and rational .
Pre-state society was based on goodwill, mutual understanding.
Cooperation prevailed among people.
Humans are born equal if not physically but morally
State of Nature: Based on his philosophy of human nature.
Natural goodwill and perfect peace.
Was pre-political and not pre-social.
People living in peace and harmony.
Society was quite well organised.
Life was not intolerable.
Fellow beings were inclined towards each other.
No perpetual hostility.
All were happy ,equal and free.
Spirit of brotherhood and sociability.
Individualism: Individual had a definite standing.
Individual is everything and state stood for preservation of individual rights.
Individual given right to resist sovereign.
Protection of individuals life,liberty and property.
Perseverance of basic and natural rights of people.
Criticisms: Laid too much emphasis on private property.
His concept of sovereignty at its logical conclusion would make state a corporate body.
Has taken moral and intellectual values for granted.
Allowing people to revolt is worst.
Locke has based his theory on pleasure and pain concept.
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@0:16
Introduction @0:21
Inside @1:09
Human Nature @1:24
State of Nature @2:24
Social Contract @3:49
Individualism @5:29
Law of Nature @6:33
Criticisms @8:28 #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace