The Basics of Programmed Cell Death

Programmed cell death is a crucial process in multicellular organisms for embryonic and post-embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and stress responses.

Three types of programmed cell death are apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.

Apoptosis is a non-lytic form of programmed cell death that involves condensation of cellular components, chromosomal cleavage, and plasma membrane blebbing. It can be triggered by internal factors or external signals.

Necroptosis and pyroptosis are lytic, or inflammatory, forms of programmed cell death that can occur in response to pathogen infection. While occurring through different pathways, they both involve the formation of membrane pores, leading to cell rupture and immune responses.

Dysregulation of programmed cell death pathways contributes to various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, developmental disorders, immunodeficiencies, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding these pathways is critical for developing targeted therapies, such as BCL-2 inhibitors in cancer treatment.

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