Marwan bin hakam kon tha | marwan bin al hakam ki haqeeqat | Allama Syed Abdul Basit Bukhari

STORIES LISTS TRENDING BROWSE
Marwan I
MARWAN I
Umayyad Caliph
BIOGRAPHY LISTS NEWS ALSO VIEWED
THE BASICS
QUICK FACTS
Intro Umayyad Caliph
Is Caliph
Field Religion
Birth 28 March 623, Mecca
Death 7 May 685Damascus
Family
Father: Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As
Children: Abd al-Malik ibn MarwanAbd al-Aziz ibn Marwan
THE DETAILS
BIOGRAPHY
Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abiʾl-ʿAs ibn Umayya (Arabic: مروان بن الحكم بن ابو العاص بن أمية‎‎), commonly known as Marwan I (ca. 623–626 — April/May 685) was the fourth caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling for less than a year in 684–685, and founder of its Marwanid ruling house, which remained in power until 750. Marwan had known the Islamic prophet Muhammad and is thus considered a sahaba (companion). He served as the secretary and right-hand man of his kinsman Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656) and participated in the defense of his house during a rebel siege. Uthman was, nonetheless, assassinated by the rebels, prompting Marwan to kill Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, whom he held culpable, during the Battle of the Camel in 656. He gave allegiance to Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and later served as governor of Medina under his kinsman Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Marwan led the Banu Umayya clan in the Hejaz, and when Mu'awiya I's successors Yazid I and Mu'awiya II died in 683 and 684, respectively, he organized the defense of the Umayyad realm in the Hejaz against Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, a rival claimant to the caliphate. Ibn al-Zubayr expelled Marwan and his clan from Medina, and they became refugees in Syria. As he was prepared to pay allegiance to Ibn al-Zubayr, his kinsman, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, urged him to instead volunteer his candidacy for the caliphate during a summit of loyalist tribes at Jabiya. The tribal nobility, led by Ibn Bahdal of the Banu Kalb, ultimately elected Marwan and together they defeated the pro-Zubayrid Qaysi tribes at the Battle of Marj Rahit.
In the months that followed, Marwan reasserted Umayyad rule over the pro-Zubayrid territories of Egypt, Palestine and northern Syria, while keeping the Qays in check in Upper Mesopotamia. He dispatched an expedition led by Ubayd Allah to reconquer Iraq, but died as it was on the move in the spring of 685. Before he died, Marwan firmly established his sons in positions of power; 'Abd al-Malik was designated his successor, 'Abd al-'Aziz was made governor of Egypt and Muhammad oversaw military command in Upper Mesopotamia. Though Marwan was stigmatized as an outlaw and a father of tyrants in later anti-Umayyad tradition, historian Clifford E. Bosworth asserts that the caliph was a shrewd, capable and decisive military leader and statesman who laid the foundations of continued Umayyad rule for a further sixty years.

Early life and family
Marwan was born in circa 623–626 CE to father al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As and mother Amina bint 'Alqama al-Kinaniyya. They belonged to the Banu Umayya clan of the Quraysh tribe. Marwan knew the Islamic prophet Muhammad and is counted among the latter's ṣaḥāba (companions). Marwan had at least ten sons, including 'Abd al-Malik, 'Abd al-'Aziz, Muhammad, Umar, 'Abd al-Rahman, Uthman and Ubayd Allah. He also had at least two daughters, Umm Uthman, a full sister of 'Abd al-'Aziz and 'Abd al-Rahman, and Umm 'Amr, a full sister of 'Abd al-Malik. In addition, Marwan had ten brothers and was the paternal uncle of ten nephews.

Secretary of Uthman
During the reign of his cousin, Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656), Marwan served as the caliph's kātib (secretary). In this capacity, historian Clifford E. Bosworth asserts that Marwan "doubtless helped" in the revision "of what became the canonical text of the Qur'an in that caliph's [Uthman's] reign". According to historian Hugh N. Kennedy, Marwan was Uthman's "right-hand man".

During Uthman's reign, Marwan took part in a military campaign in North Africa, where he acquired significant war spoils. These spoils likely formed the basis of Marwan's substantial wealth, part of which he invested in properties in Medina. For an undetermined time, he served as Uthman's governor in Fars. Marwan was one of the defenders of Uthman's house in Medina when it was besieged by Egyptian rebels in 656. The house was ultimately set alight and Uthman was assassinated by the rebels, which became one of the major contributing factors to the First Muslim Civil War. In the ensuing hostilities between Uthman's loyalists and A'isha on the one hand and Uthman's successor, Ali, on the other, Marwan initially sided with the former. He fought alongside A'isha's forces at the Battle of the Camel in 656. However, he used that occasion to kill one of A'isha's partisans, Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, whom he held responsible for Uthman's death. After the battle, he switched allegiance to Ali.
#marwan
#islam
#rahenijattv