وثائقي | شهيد العراق | محمد باقر الصدر الحلقة 02

السيد محمد باقر الصدر، (1353 - 1400 هـ) فقيه ومفسّر، ومفكّر شيعي، وقائد عراقي. درس العلوم الدينية عند كبار علماء الحوزة العلمية في النجف الأشرف أمثال السيد الخوئي، والشيخ محمد رضا آل ياسين.
واستطاع أن يصل إلى مرتبة الاجتهاد في سنين مبكرة، وبدأ بتدريس العلوم الدينية في حوزة النجف.
كان مؤلّفاً في مجالات مختلفة، كالاقتصاد الإسلامي، والفلسفة الإسلامية، وتفسير القرآن، والفقه، وأصول الفقه، إضافة لكتابه في نظرية المعرفة وهو الأسس المنطقية للاستقراء.
لم يكن الصدر غائباً عن الحياة السياسية، فقد أسّس حزب الدعوة الإسلامية، وأصدر فتواه الشهيرة بحرمة الانتماء لـحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي، كما أنّه أول من دعى إلى إسقاط نظام البعث.


Al-Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr (Arabic: السید محمد باقر الصدر) (b. 1353/1934-35 - d. 1400/1980) was a Shi'a jurist, exegete of the Qur'an, thinker and also a political activist in Iraq. He studied with Ayatollah al-Khoei and other great scholars in Najaf, and he finished his studies before the age of 20. He then began teaching religious disciplines in the Seminary of Najaf. Some of his best-known students are al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr, al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim, al-Sayyid Kazim al-Husayni al-Ha'iri and Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahrudi. Later in his life, al-Sadr was a Marja' (religious authority) for some Shi'a followers.


His most significant works include Falsafatu-na (Our philosophy), Iqtisadu-na (Our economics), and Durus fi ilm al-usul, known as al-Halaqat.


Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr was both a religious and a political authority of Shi'a in Iraq. He established, Hizb Al-Da'wat al-Islamiyya, the political party, with the help of 'Abd al-Sahib al-Dakhil, boosted its activities among Iraqi Shi'a following the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran.


The most important political activities of al-Sadr include his issuing a Fatwa forbidding the membership of Muslims in the Ba'th party of Iraq (a party affiliated with Saddam Hussein), holding demonstrations in Shi'a cities in southern Iraq and in Baghdad with the help of his sister, Bint al-Huda al-Sadr. He and his sister were arrested by the Ba'th government, and following their imprisonment they were martyred.


The political and social thoughts of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr are very influential in present Iraq as seen in the leadership of former Iraqi prime minister Nuri al-Maliki who was also the head of the Al-Da'wa Party and a follower of al-Sadr.