Process of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose. This transformation takes place mainly in the leaves, where chloroplasts capture sunlight. The general photosynthesis equation is:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6O₂.

The process begins with the absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll, the green pigment in chloroplasts. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air through small pores called stomata. Water (H₂O) is absorbed from the soil through the plant’s roots. These ingredients are then used to create glucose, a form of sugar that serves as food for the plant, storing energy for growth and development.

Oxygen (O₂), a by-product of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere through the stomata. This oxygen is essential for the survival of most living organisms. The entire process not only provides energy for the plant itself but also contributes significantly to the oxygen supply and helps maintain the Earth’s atmosphere. Photosynthesis is vital for life on Earth as it supports the food chain and helps regulate carbon dioxide levels in the environment.