Neurology | Autonomic Nervous System

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Ninja Nerds!
Join us for this lecture, where Professor Zach Murphy will teach the anatomy and physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). We begin with an in-depth breakdown of the two primary divisions: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, including their points of origin within the central nervous system and the location of their ganglia. We discuss the structural differences between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, neurotransmitters used at each synapse, and the receptor types they target in effector organs.

We then explore the functional roles of each division, detailing the sympathetic system's fight-or-flight responses versus the parasympathetic system's rest-and-digest activities. Special attention is given to organ-specific effects, including cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and ocular systems, highlighting how autonomic tone is maintained through the balance of these opposing systems. We also examine the enteric nervous system and its integration with the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, illustrating the complexity of autonomic control.

Finally, we integrate these concepts into a unifying framework, explaining how the ANS works subconsciously to regulate homeostasis, and how reflex arcs and higher brain centers like the hypothalamus coordinate autonomic responses. This comprehensive approach ensures a solid understanding of the ANS's structure and function.

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