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Medaram Jathara is a tribal-festival held once every two years, at Medaram village, in Mulugu district, Telangana.
It honours tribal goddesses Sammakka and Saralamma, who are revered by the indigenous Koya tribe.
The festival spans 4 days. On these days, devotees from not just Telangana but many other states travel to Medaram to pay respect.
It is often described as the largest tribal religious congregation in the world — after events like Kumbh Mela, the numbers gathered are among the highest in India.

Sammakka — According to tribal legend, in the 13th century a group of tribal hunters from the Koya community found a newborn baby girl playing among tigers, with a radiant light around her. They adopted her, naming her Sammakka. She grew up to become a tribal leader and protector of her people. She married Pagididda Raju, a tribal chieftain (under the rule of medieval rulers, the Kakatiya dynasty). Together they had children — among them Saralamma (Sarakka), and a son Jampanna .

When the Kakatiya king (historically named Prataparudra) imposed heavy taxes (kappam) on tribal lands, the tribal people could not pay due to droughts. That led to conflict between the tribe and the ruling power.
In the ensuing struggle, many tribal leaders including Pagididda Raju, Saralamma, Jampanna and their kin fought bravely, but were killed or martyred. Jampanna died in a stream, later named Jampanna Vaagu, and Saralamma also fell in the battle.
Grief-stricken but resolute, Sammakka took up arms and continued the fight with her daughter-in-law Govinda Raju. But ultimately she too disappeared — legend says that she walked to a hill (Chilakala Gutta), and there transformed into a “kumkuma barani” (a vessel of turmeric/kumkuma) — symbolically merging with the earth/forest.
The tribal community then deified Sammakka and Saralamma as forest-goddesses or “vanadevatalu” (forest deities), believed to be incarnations of the divine feminine (Adi Para Shakti) who protect tribals and forest dwellers.

Chilakala Gutta: The hill where Sammakka is believed to have vanished / transformed. In the Jathara, a symbolic “kumkuma vessel” (representing Sammakka) is taken from Chilakala Gutta to Medaram — this is a central ritual of the festival.
Jampanna Vaagu: The stream where Jampanna died fighting — devotees take a holy dip in this stream during the festival. Bathing there is believed to honour the sacrifice of the tribal heroes and cleanse devotees spiritually.
The deities (as symbolic vessels or icons) are brought to a temporary shrine/platform (“gaddelu”) at Medaram, worshipped, then after the festival they are returned to forest/Chilakala — connecting humans with forest and ancestral tribal roots.

🎉 The Festival: What Happens During Medaram Jathara

Over four days: On Day 1, Saralamma’s symbolic idol (or vessel) along with that of Govinda Raju is brought from ancestral places to Medaram. Day 2: Sammakka’s icon, along with the kumkuma vessel from Chilakala Gutta is brought.
On Day 3 (the main day), devotees worship Sammakka and Saralamma, offer “bellam” (jaggery) — often equal to their body weight — as offering.
Many devotees take a dip in Jampanna Vaagu stream, believing it purifies and connects them to the sacrifice of their tribal ancestors.

On the final day, the deities (icons/vessels) are taken back to forest/Chilakala — symbolic vanapravēśam (return to forest), concluding the cycle until the next Jathara.

Timestamps
0:00 మేడారం
0:16 సమ్మక్క గద్దె
2:14 శ్రీ సారక్క గద్దె
3:37 గోవిందరాజుల గద్దె
04:36 పగిడిద్దరాజుల గద్దె
04:58 కొత్త గద్దెల నిర్మాణం
05:51 జంపన్న గద్దె
07:09 జంపన్న వాగు
07:14 నాగులమ్మ గద్దె
08:01 చిలకల గుట్ట
08:15 సమ్మక్క గుడి
08:39 సారలమ్మ గుడి

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