Historical Origin of the 12 Tribes of Israel

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SOURCES:

Baden, Joel S. (2012). The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis. Yale University Press

Finkelstein, Israel & Neil A. Silberman (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. Free Press.

Fleming, Daniel E. (2020). Yahweh before Israel: Glimpses of History in a Divine Name. Cambridge University Press.

Friedman, Richard E. (2009). The Bible with Sources Revealed. HarperOne.

Friedman, Richard E. (2017). The Exodus: How It Happened and Why It Matters. HarperOne.

Schmid, K. (2010). Genesis and the Moses Story: Israel's Dual Origins in the Hebrew Bible. Eisenbrauns.

Tobolowsky, Andrew (2017). The Sons of Jacob and the Sons of Herakles. Mohr Siebeck.

Tobolowsky, Andrew (2022). The Myth of the Twelve Tribes of Israel: New Identities Across Time and Space. Cambridge University Press.

Wright, Jacob L. (2023). Why the Bible Began: An Alternative History of Scripture and Its Origins. Cambridge University Press.

CREDITS:

Narration by Matt Baker
Animation by Syawish Rehman
Audio editing by Ali Shahwaiz