Network Layer
Автор: Lonard | CCNA Trainer Makerere
Загружено: 2025-11-13
Просмотров: 41
The Network Layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) is responsible for routing packets across multiple networks.
Main Functions:
Logical Addressing: Uses IP addresses to identify devices uniquely.
Routing: Determines the best path for data to travel across networks.
Packet Forwarding: Moves packets from source to destination through routers.
Fragmentation & Reassembly: Breaks large packets into smaller ones when needed.
Key Protocols:
IPv4 / IPv6: Main protocols for addressing and packet delivery.
ICMP: Used for error reporting and diagnostics (e.g., ping).
ARP / NDP: Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.
Devices Used:
Routers (primary device working at Layer 3).
Layer 3 switches.
Characteristics:
Provides end-to-end delivery.
Handles congestion and packet lifetime (TTL).
Supports connectionless communication.
Importance:
Enables communication between different networks.
Ensures efficient, scalable, and reliable packet delivery.
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