The Supreme Court's Ruling on Narco Test | Constitutional & Ethical Aspects Explained | UPSC 2026 ||

Supreme Court Ruling on Narco Test |

The Supreme Court has reaffirmed that forced or involuntary narco tests are unconstitutional, striking down a Patna High Court order that permitted such a test in Amlesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2025). This ruling strengthens protections under Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right against self-incrimination.

In this lecture, we explain:
What is a Narco Test? – Use of sedatives like Sodium Pentothal to lower inhibitions and extract information.
Supreme Court’s Verdict (2025) – Forced narco tests violate fundamental rights and cannot be conducted without voluntary consent.
Key Precedent – Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), which first established that narco, polygraph, and brain mapping require consent.
Constitutional Basis – Article 20(3): Protection against self-incrimination.
Exam Relevance – UPSC GS II (Polity & Governance), Ethics (GS IV), and PCS current affairs.

This ruling is a landmark in balancing investigative techniques with constitutional safeguards, making it highly relevant for aspirants preparing for UPSC and PCS exams.

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