Mitosis | Cell Cycle and Cell Division Class 11 | Mitosis and Meiosis | NEET 2021

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CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION

The sequential series of events responsible for division of an existing cell into two new daughter cells is called Cell Cycle.
In a nutshell, the main events that occurs in cell cycle are:-
Doubling of the cell orgenelles of parent cell.
Doubling of DNA by replication.
Distribution of nucleus and cytoplasm.

However, for a more detailed study, the cell cycle can be divided into 2 main phases depending on the events occurring during it:-
Interphase
M-phase or Mitotic phase

INTERPHASE

The Interphase contributes to more than 95% duration of the cell cycle and metabolically, it is the most active phase. This phase is also referred as Preparatory phase and Resting phase. The reason being as the cell prepares itself for division during this phase by synthesizing the required biomolecules but no significant changes are visible in the cell from outside except for increase in size. As Interphase is a very long event so for the ease of study it is divided into 3 sub-stages:-
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase


M-PHASE/ MITOSIS
The M-phase lasts for less than 5% duration of the cell cycle but is the most dramatic phase of the cell cycle as it involves reorganization of all cellular contents. It is also known as Equational division. The M-phase is divided into 2 phases:-
Karyokinesis.
Cytokinesis.

KAYOKINESIS
The division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis and is divided into 4 sub-stages depending on the events. These are:-
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase


CYTOKINESIS
The division of cytoplasm begins with formation of a contractile ring made up of Motor proteins (Actin and Myosin) at equator of the cell.
The contractile ring pinches the cell into two to create two daughter cells each having a nucleus.
As cytokinesis in animal cells occurs due to contraction of cell membrane inwards, its called Centripetal division.








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