Thermodynamic Processes || Internal energy || Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic Processes || Internal energy || Thermodynamics #thermodynamics #livestream #zchem

Thermodynamics-1
   • Thermodynamics 1 | B.Sc. 6th semester Chem...  

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Thermodynamics-1 :
First Law of Thermodynamics : Statement , definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat
capacity ,heat capacities at constant volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule's law – Joule-
Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature . Calculation of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of
ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible process.
Thermochemistry: Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation – Hess's law of heat summation
and its applications. Heat of reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume . Enthalpy of
neutralization . Bond dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data , temperature
dependence of enthalpy. Kirchhoff's equation.

Thermodynamics-2
Second Law of Thermodynamics, Need for the law, different statements of the law, Carnot cycle
and its efficiency. Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature.
Concept of Entropy, Entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V & T, entropy as a
function of P & T, entropy change in physical change, Clausius inequality , entropy as a criteria of
spontaneity and equilibrium. Entropy change in ideal gases and mixing of gases. Gibbs and
Helmholtz Functions
Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A) as thermodynamic quantities. A & G as criteria for
thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity, their advantage over entropy change, Variation of G
and A with P, V and T.
Third Law of Thermodynamics ; Nernst heat theorem , statement and concept of residual entropy.
Nernst distribution law – Thermodynamic derivation, applications .

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