Probability and Statistics | Venn Diagrams and Algebra of Events

A graphical representation of events that is very useful for illustrating logical relations among them is the Venn diagram. The sample space S is represented as consisting of all the points in a large rectangle, and the events E,F,G, . . ., are represented as consisting of all the points in given circles within the rectangle. Events of interest can then be indicated by shading appropriate regions of the diagram.

The following useful relationship between the three basic operations of forming unions, intersections, and complements of events is known as De Morgan’s laws.

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