Sabaeans | Wikipedia audio article

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Sabaeans

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SUMMARY
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The Sabaeans or Sabeans (Arabic: اَلـسَّبَئِيُّون‎, as-Saba’iyyūn; Hebrew: סבא‬; Musnad: 𐩪𐩨𐩱) were an ancient people speaking an Old South Arabian language who lived in the southern Arabian Peninsula.The kingdom of Saba’ (Arabic: سَـبَـأ‎) has been identified with the biblical land of Sheba. The view that the biblical kingdom of Sheba was the ancient Semitic civilization of Saba in Southern Arabia is controversial: Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman write that "the Sabaean kingdom began to flourish only from the eighth century BC onward" and that the story of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba is "an anachronistic seventh-century set piece meant to legitimize the participation of Judah in the lucrative Arabian trade." The British Museum states that there is no archaeological evidence for such a queen but that the kingdom described as hers was Saba, "the oldest and most important of the South Arabian kingdoms". Kenneth Kitchen dates the kingdom to between 1200 BCE until 275 CE, with its capital Ma'rib. The Kingdom fell after a long but sporadic civil war between several Yemenite dynasties claiming kingship; from this the late Himyarite Kingdom arose as victors.
Sabaeans are mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. In the Quran they are described as either the people of Saba’, or as People of Tubba' qawm Ṭubba‘ (Arabic: قَـوْم تُـبَّـع‎).