GCSE Biology - The Nervous System | Reflex Arcs Explained

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** WHAT'S COVERED **
1. The Role of the Nervous System
Need for communication and coordination in multicellular organisms.
Responding to internal and external surroundings.
2. Structure and Function of Nerve Cells (Neurones)
Adaptations for transmitting electrical impulses (long, thin, branched connections).
The role of synapses in transmitting signals between neurones using chemicals.
3. Organisation of the Nervous System
The Central Nervous System (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory neurones carrying information from receptors to the CNS.
Motor neurones carrying instructions from the CNS to effectors.
Effectors as muscles or glands that carry out responses.
4. The Reflex Arc
Definition as the pathway for rapid, automatic, unconscious reflexes.
Importance in protection and avoiding harm.
The specific pathway: Stimulus - Receptor - Sensory Neurone - Relay Neurone (in CNS) - Motor Neurone - Effector - Response.
Detailed example of a reflex action (touching a pin).

** CHAPTERS **
0:00 Intro & Overview
0:43 Nerve Cells (Neurones)
1:16 Synapses: Connecting Neurones
1:56 The Central Nervous System (CNS)
2:15 Sensory and Motor Pathways: Information Flow
3:13 Reflex Arcs: Rapid Responses
3:41 Example Reflex Arc Pathway: Touching a Pin

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