Intellectual Disability | Mental Retardation

Intellectual disability is explicated in this sqadia.com medical V-learning lecture. All the aspects regarding this topic are discussed in this lecture encompassing medical definition and causes of impaired intellectual functioning. Additionally, categories of mental retardation and how to measure the severity of intellectual disability are elucidated. Conclusively, clinical features of ID and several other genetic syndromes along with management aspects are elaborated.

▬ 📃 Mental Retardation
At first, epidemiology is discussed. Approximately 2% of the population in the UK is suffering from intellectual disability. It is a condition of arrested and incomplete development of the mind. Then, Dr. Hina Khan elaborates on how the severity of the intellectual disability is measured along with the explication of adaptive functioning.

▬ 📜 Impaired Intellectual Functioning
Causes of impaired intellectual functioning can be intrauterine, perinatal, or early-life infection injury poisoning. Some genetic abnormalities participating in this disorder are Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, point mutations, deletions, and duplications. Furthermore, risk factors of genetic, intrauterine, and perinatal causes are delineated.

▬ 📃 Categories of Mental Retardation
In this section, Dr. Hina Khan focuses on elaborating in detail on the measurement of the severity of intellectual disability. Firstly, mild IQ 50-69 is discussed. Following this, a moderate IQ range of 35-49 is considered which corresponds to the mental age of 6-9 years. Likewise, discussion continues on severe IQ in which mental age is 3-6 years. In addition to this, profound ID is also deliberated.

▬ 📜 Clinical Features
Medical practitioners at sqadia.com say that mild IDs are usually never diagnosed. Then, the clinical features of Down syndrome are highlighted. Autistic spectrum disorders along with Prader-Willi Syndrome are considered later on. Moreover, information is given about fragile X syndrome which is the commonest inherited cause of intellectual disability.

▬ 📃 Management
Physical comorbidities and psychiatric comorbidities are presented initially. Common issues in management are also reported in this section. Next, aspects of clinical assessment are discussed. Communication with ID patients is quite tricky, in this section, it is elaborated on how to communicate with ID patients for its management. Collateral history and healthcare facilities are discussed later on.

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