Desteklenmiş Kazı Tasarımı (Design of Braced Cuts)

Sometimes construction work requires ground excavations with vertical or near-vertical faces—for example, basements of buildings in developed areas or underground transportation facilities at shallow depths below the ground surface (a cut-and-cover type of construction). The vertical faces of the cuts need to be protected by temporary bracing systems to avoid failure that may be accompanied by considerable settlement or by bearing capacity failure of nearby foundations.

Two types of braced cut commonly are used in construction work. One type uses the soldier beam, which is a vertical steel or timber beam driven into the ground before excavation. Laggings, which are horizontal timber planks, are placed between soldier beams as the excavation proceeds. When the excavation reaches the desired depth, wales and struts (horizontal steel beams) are installed. The struts are compression members. In another type of braced excavation, interlocking sheet piles are driven into the soil before excavation. Wales and struts are inserted immediately after excavation reaches the appropriate depth.

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