Indian Geography: Learn Coastal line of India | Smart Revision through Animation | OnlyIAS

The coastline of India spans approximately 7,516 kilometers and includes a diverse range of geographic and climatic conditions, bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south. Here’s a breakdown of India’s coastline, state by state and with notable features:

1. Western Coastline (Arabian Sea)
Gujarat (1,600 km):

The longest coastline among Indian states, with important regions like the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambhat.
Kandla and Mundra are major ports, with unique ecosystems like the Rann of Kutch and Gir National Park.
Maharashtra (720 km):

Known for Konkan Coast and important ports like Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT).
The coast has significant beaches (Alibaug, Juhu), forts, and estuarine areas.
Goa (160 km):

Known for its sandy beaches like Anjuna, Calangute, and Palolem.
Important for tourism and fishing, with the Mormugao Port playing a vital role.
Karnataka (320 km):

Includes the Karavali Coast with ports like Mangalore and Karwar.
The coastline is characterized by estuaries, backwaters, and the Western Ghats close by.
Kerala (580 km):

Known for the Malabar Coast, famous for backwaters, lagoons, and beaches like Kovalam and Varkala.
Major ports include Kochi, and Vizhinjam (being developed as a major port), with a strong influence of monsoons and a unique wetland ecosystem.
2. Eastern Coastline (Bay of Bengal)
Tamil Nadu (1,076 km):

Has an extensive coastline known as the Coromandel Coast.
Important cities include Chennai (port city), Tuticorin (port), and Cuddalore.
The coastline faces frequent cyclones and is dotted with significant temple towns and sandy beaches.
Puducherry (Union Territory):

Small coastline adjacent to Tamil Nadu, featuring Puducherry Beach and Paradise Beach.
It has a unique French colonial heritage.
Andhra Pradesh (972 km):

Known as the Northern Circars Coast, it has major ports like Visakhapatnam and Kakinada.
The region includes rich mangrove ecosystems and faces frequent cyclones.
Odisha (480 km):

Known for Chilika Lake (Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon), Puri Beach, and Paradeep Port.
The coast is frequently affected by cyclones and floods, with significant biodiversity.
West Bengal (210 km):

Has the Hooghly River estuary and the Sundarbans delta, which is rich in mangroves and the Bengal tiger habitat.
Kolkata and Haldia are major ports, and the coast faces rising sea levels and erosion.
3. Southern Coastline (Indian Ocean)
Lakshadweep Islands (32 sq km of coastline):
Located off Kerala in the Arabian Sea, known for coral atolls and lagoons, with minimal land but significant marine biodiversity.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1,962 km):
Located in the Bay of Bengal, these islands have a vast coastline with dense rainforests, coral reefs, and volcanic features.
Port Blair is a major port, and the islands are ecologically sensitive with significant indigenous communities.
Key Points about India's Coastline:
Diversity: Ranges from sandy beaches to rocky cliffs, mangroves, deltas, lagoons, coral reefs, and estuaries.
Ecological Significance: Rich biodiversity with unique ecosystems like the Sundarbans mangroves, Chilika Lake, Western Ghats, and coral reefs in the Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Strategic Importance: Major ports such as Mumbai, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, and Kochi boost trade, while the islands in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea hold geopolitical significance.
Vulnerability: Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to cyclones, tsunamis, and rising sea levels due to climate change, especially on the eastern coast (Bay of Bengal).
India’s coastline not only plays a pivotal role in trade and tourism but also contributes significantly to biodiversity and the sustenance of coastal communities. Understanding these diverse features is crucial for UPSC aspirants studying Indian geography and environmental challenges