Structure of bone class 12| MDCAT special |Human skeleton| Bones Cells| Hindi Urdu |Pro.Suresh kumar

In this video we will discuss about Human skeleton introduction and anatomy and physiology of bone and its cells
There are two types of bones Spongy bone and Compact bone
Both compact bone and spongy bone are parts of the bone tissue. Compact bones are the hard exterior, while spongy bones are the porous interior structures of bone tissue.


Bones are living tissue that make up the skeleton. They are made up of cells, proteins, and a matrix of collagen. The structure of bone includes three layers: 

Periosteum: The outside covering of the bone that contains blood vessels and nerves 

Compact bone: The hard, middle layer of the bone 

Cancellous bone: The spongy, inner layer of the bone that contains bone marrow 

Bone tissue 

Compact tissue: The hard, outer tissue of bones

Cancellous tissue: The sponge-like tissue inside bones

Subchondral tissue: The smooth tissue at the ends of bones

Bone cells 

Osteoblasts: Cells that form new bone tissue

Osteoclasts: Cells that break down old bone tissue

Osteocytes: Cells that direct the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Osteogenic cells: Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts and osteocytes

Bone matrix 

Extracellular matrix (ECM): The molecules that provide structural and biochemical support to the cells

Lamellae: The thin layers of the ECM that contain collagen and mineral salts
Bones are made of cells, proteins, and minerals, and have a variety of tissues and structures. 

Bone tissues

Compact bone: The hard, dense, outer layer of bone, also known as cortical bone. It's made up of osteons, which are tightly packed bone tissue that run parallel to the bone's shaft. 

Cancellous bone: The spongy, less dense, inner layer of bone, also known as trabecular bone. It's made up of a network of rod-like structures called trabeculae. 

Subchondral tissue: The smooth tissue at the ends of bones, covered by cartilage. 

Osteoid: A mixture of collagen and other proteins. 

Bone cells 

Osteoblasts: Create new bone tissue

Osteocytes: Responsible for bone creation

Osteoclasts: Break down old bone tissue to make room for new tissue

Hematopoietic stem cells: Located in bone marrow, these cells produce other cells, including red and white blood cells, and platelets

Bone structures 

Diaphysis: The long, straight main body of a long bone, also known as the shaft

Epiphysis: The end regions of a long bone

Apophysis: Any process or protuberance on a bone

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