Neuron Structure Made Easy | Anatomy in Telugu

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Structure of neuron in Telugu


Key features of a neuron:
Cell body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's function.
Dendrites: Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
Axon: A long, slender projection that carries signals away from the cell body.
Axon terminals: The end of the axon that forms connections with other neurons at synapses.

How neurons work:
1. Receiving signals:
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, including both excitatory and inhibitory signals.
2. Processing signals:
The cell body integrates incoming signals, deciding whether to send an action potential down the axon.
3. Transmitting signals:
If the neuron's threshold is reached, an action potential is generated and travels down the axon to the axon terminals.
4. Releasing neurotransmitters:
At the synapse, the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters, chemical messengers that carry signals to the next neuron.

Different types of neurons:
Sensory neurons: Carry signals from sensory receptors (e.g., in the skin, eyes, ears) to the brain and spinal cord.
Motor neurons: Carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.
Interneurons: Connect sensory, motor, and other neurons, playing a crucial role in processing information within the nervous system.