The First Greek Colonies in Italy (Origins of Magna Graecia)

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Continuing the story from Pithekoussai, where we learnt of the history of the first permanent Greek settlement in Italy, we now move onto not just settlements, but colonies. The true expansion of Greeks from the Hellenic world, into the Italian world. Cumae, to Naxos, to Zancle, Catane, Lentini and Rhegion, this is the origins of Magna Graecia in truth, on Sicily and the mainland alike... all while Rome was only just beginning.

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Sources Used

Ancient Texts:
Ephorus of Cyme – Historiai
Hellanicus of Lesbos – The Priestesses of Hera at Argon (ἱέρειαι Ἥρας Ἄργει)
Livy - History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita)
Pausanias - Description of Greece (Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις)
Pliny the Elder - Natural History (Naturalis historia)
Polyaenus: Stratagems in War (Στρατηγήματα)
Pseudo-Scymnus - Periodos to Nicomedes
Stephanus of Byzantium - Ethnica (Ἐθνικά)
Strabo - Geography (Γεωγραφικά)
Thucydides - History of the Peloponnesian War (Πελοποννησιακός Πόλεμος)

Modern Studies:
Boardman, J. et al. (2008) The Cambridge Ancient History 3rd Edition, volume III part 3 - The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C.

Cerchiai, L. et al. (2004) The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily, Getty Publications.

Lentini, M. C. & I. K. Whitbread (2012) ' Recent Investigation of the Early Settlement Levels at Sicilian Naxos', Mediterranean Archaeology, Vol. 25, Zagora in Context: Settlements and Intercommunal Links in the Geometric Period (900–700 BC) Proceedings of the conference held by The Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens and The Archaeological Society at Athens: Athens, 20–22 May, 2012, pp. 309-315

Credits
If you see any of your artwork in the video, please let me know so I can give you credit!

Film, TV & Game Clips:
'Assassin's Creed Odyssey' (2018) | Ubisoft Montreal ©
'Rome: Total War' (2004) | Creative Assembly ©
'Total War: Rome II' (2013) | Creative Assembly ©
'Total War Saga: Troy' (2020) Creative Assembly ©

Music:
All Music is licensed by Epidemic Sound
https://www.epidemicsound.com/

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:56 Conquering Cumaeans
03:06 Building a New Colony
03:55 How Greek influenced Etruscan
05:21 Chalcis Settles Sicily
07:44 Back to the Mainland

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