FEDERALISM I CLASS 10 I CBSE I NCERT I CIVICS I SOCIAL STUDIES I EXAMINATION I RAPID REVISION I

In this chapter we have discussed
Meaning of Federalism: Federalism is a system where power is divided between central and state/local governments, each with its own jurisdiction, ensuring unity and diversity by sharing authority, as seen in India's three-tier structure (Union, State, Local) defined by constitutional lists (Union, State, Concurrent) and reinforced by linguistic states, language policy, and decentralization, with courts resolving disputes and requiring central/state consent for major constitutional changes.

Key Features of Federalism:
Multiple Levels: Two or more tiers of government (Central, State, Local).
Defined Powers: Each level governs the same citizens but has specific powers (legislative, tax, administrative).
Constitutional Guarantee: The Constitution defines and protects the existence and authority of each level.
Rigid Constitution: Fundamental changes need consent from both levels.
Independent Judiciary: Courts interpret the Constitution and settle disputes.
Financial Autonomy: Each level has specified revenue sources.
Objectives
Safeguard and promote national unity.
Accommodate regional diversity (e.g., linguistic states).
India as a Federal Country (Holding Together Federation)
Power Division: Union List (Defence Banking), State List (Police, Agriculture), Concurrent List (Education, Forest).
Practice: Linguistic states, language policy, and decentralization (Panchayats, Municipalities) strengthen it.
Decentralization in India (Local Government)
Rural: Gram Panchayat (village head, ward members): Panchayat Samiti (block level) Zilla Parishad (district level).
Urban: Municipalities & Municipal Corporations (mayor head).


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