FE Review - Water Resources - Well Drawdown - Confined Aquifer

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Groundwater is extracted principally through wells. Wells may be drilled and installed with a casing or without. A well typically consists of a drilled hole, a casing that prevents caving in of the sides or unwanted inflow, a pump and a section of perforated casing (the screen) to ensure that water is extracted from a specific elevation within the aquifer, a grout seal at the surface (to prevent contaminated surface runoff from percolating along the sides of the casing and reaching the screen) and a gravel pack around the screen to improve the flow to the well.
In a confined aquifer, the hydraulic head is given by the elevation of piezometric surface, which is above the upper surface of the aquifer. Adding or removing water to the aquifer does not change the saturation of the aquifer, as long as the piezometric surface remains above the upper surface of the aquifer.