Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cell Walls, Cell Surface Layers, & Biosorption- Geobiology | GEO GIRL

The video covers structures of bacterial cell walls, archaea cell walls, animal vs. plant cell walls, algae and fungi cell walls, and the passive and active biosorption processes that occur on various cell wall types. Remember that absorption is in and adsorption is on, so in terms of biosorption we are typically taking about adsorption. When nutrients are absorbed all the way into the cell, we call that uptake rather than sorption. Biosorption causes ions to adsorb to the surface of the cell (whether that be the outer part of the cell wall or something external to that that the bacteria excretes, such as EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), capsules, sheaths, s-layers, etc.). These ions are attracted to the cell because of the charge of the cells surface layers. This type of biosorption is called passive biosorption. However, biosorption can occur by active processes too. For example, microbes can excrete specific enzymes that bind specific ions that they want to take back into their cell to use. They can also excrete these enzymes to bind ions they do not want to come into their cell. This can occur when certain metal ions in the environment are toxic. When these toxic metals are around, microbes can immobilize them by excreting material specific to binding that metal and by doing so they detoxify their environment. We will talk more about biosorption in the upcoming bioremediation video!

References: Geomicrobiology by Kurt Konhauser: https://amzn.to/3tqiKMo
Brock, Biology of Microorganisms: https://amzn.to/3BWGHOG

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0:00 Importance of this topic & outline
2:08 bacterial cell walls: gram negative vs. gram positive
4.52 bacterial excretions: EPS
6:55 bacterial excretions: sheaths
8:15 bacterial excretions: S layers
9:53 archaeal cell walls
10:52 extremophile archaeal cell walls
13:02 eukaryotic cell walls: plants and animals
14:00 eukaryotic cell walls: algae and fungi
15:16 cell surface charge
17:20 passive biosorption
22:27 active biosorption
24:29 upcoming videos! (and my cat ;)

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