Colorectal Cancer Screening: Exploring Tests for Early Detection | Dr Vivek Sukumar

Stool occult blood test: A stool occult blood test is a non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer that checks for the presence of blood in the stool. This test is often performed at home using a kit provided by a healthcare provider. The individual collects a small sample of stool and sends it to a laboratory for analysis. Occult blood in the stool may indicate the presence of polyps or cancerous growths in the colon or rectum.

Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It is a procedure that involves using a long, flexible tube with a camera called a colonoscope to examine the inner lining of the entire colon and rectum. During a colonoscopy, the doctor can visualize the colon, identify any abnormal growths or polyps, and may even remove them for further evaluation or as a preventive measure. It is typically performed under sedation to minimize discomfort.

Sigmoidoscopy: Sigmoidoscopy is a screening procedure that involves examining the lower portion of the colon and rectum using a sigmoidoscope, a flexible tube with a camera. Unlike a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy does not examine the entire colon. It helps detect abnormalities in the lower part of the colon, where most colorectal cancers develop. Sigmoidoscopy may be combined with a stool occult blood test for more comprehensive screening.

Virtual CT Colonoscopy: Virtual CT colonoscopy, also known as CT colonography, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses computed tomography (CT) technology to produce detailed images of the colon and rectum. It allows for a virtual "fly-through" examination of the colon to detect polyps or tumours. While it does not require sedation or insertion of a scope into the colon, if polyps are found, a subsequent colonoscopy may be necessary for their removal.

These tests are used for screening and detecting colorectal cancer at different stages and have varying levels of invasiveness. It is important to discuss with a healthcare professional which screening test is most suitable based on an individual's age, medical history, and risk factors. Regular screening is essential for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.
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