Adrenal Insufficiency (Hindi) : Internal medicine

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Adrenal Insufficiency

Adrenal Insufficiency is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of certain hormones, primarily cortisol and, in some cases, aldosterone. This condition can be classified into primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) when the adrenal glands are directly affected, and secondary adrenal insufficiency, due to insufficient production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland. Common causes include autoimmune destruction, infections, hemorrhage, or tumors affecting the adrenal or pituitary glands. Clinical manifestations include chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, hypotension, hyperpigmentation (in primary insufficiency), hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis involves hormonal assays, including serum cortisol, ACTH levels, and ACTH stimulation tests. Management includes lifelong hormone replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and, if necessary, mineralocorticoids. Patient education on managing stress, recognizing symptoms of adrenal crisis, and regular follow-up are critical for effective management. 🌟🩺💊

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