Alevel Biology - Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides | Starch | Glycogen | Cellulose

⭐️ https://www.cognito.org/ ⭐️

** WHAT'S COVERED **
1. What polysaccharides are.
Complex carbohydrates made from many monosaccharide units.
Monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds.
Examples: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.
Functions: Energy storage and structural support.
2. Structure and function of Starch.
Amylose: Unbranched chain of alpha-glucose (1-4 bonds), helical shape.
Amylopectin: Branched chain of alpha-glucose (1-4 and 1-6 bonds).
Function: Energy storage in plants.
Features: Insoluble, large, compact (amylose), easily hydrolysed (amylopectin).
3. Structure and function of Glycogen.
Made from alpha-glucose monomers (1-4 and 1-6 bonds).
Highly branched structure.
Function: Energy storage in animals.
Features: Insoluble, large, highly branched for rapid glucose release.
4. Structure and function of Cellulose.
Made from beta-glucose monomers (1-4 bonds).
Long, straight, unbranched chains with alternate flipped monomers.
Chains cross-linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils and macrofibrils.
Function: Structural support in plant cell walls.
Features: Provides rigidity and tensile strength.
5. Comparison of Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose.
Source (Plants/Animals).
Monomer type (Alpha/Beta-glucose).
Types of bonds (1-4 / 1-4 & 1-6).
Branching structure.

** CHAPTERS **
0:00 What Polysaccharides Are
1:01 Structure & Function of Starch
2:41 Structure & Function of Glycogen
3:40 Structure & Function of Cellulose
5:03 Comparison of Starch, Glycogen & Cellulose

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