Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Treatment

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The history and physical examination are used to diagnose epilepsy. A detailed history is taken from the patient about seizure frequency, duration, precipitating factors, presence of aura, and presence of postictal state. A history is also taken about pregnancy events and childbirth, such as difficult labor, trauma, and birth asphyxia.
The behavioral, motor abilities, mental status assessment, sensory examination, and reflexes are all assessed throughout the neurological and physical examination.
Serum prolactin levels are measured in individuals with GTC or complex partial seizures, as part of a set of lab procedures. Prolactin levels in this group are temporarily increased. A complete blood count, urinalysis, and special blood chemistries are performed to rule out other treatable reasons such as hypoglycemia, altered serum electrolyte concentrations, infections, and so on.
Let's look at some treatment options for seizure control or prevention. Let's start with the treatment's objectives. The main goals of treatment are to reduce the number of seizures and their intensity. To keep things as simple as possible

Side effects are minimised, and compliance is ensured, allowing the patient to live as normally as possible.

The patient's treatment adherence should be closely monitored by the physician in order to achieve total seizure suppression while minimizing negative effects.
The treatment comprises non-pharmacological management, which is the first line of defense for a person suffering from seizures. This treatment plan includes instructions such as the patient or the patient's family should remain calm immediately after a seizure episode or during the attack, and note the duration.