Gastrointestinal Motility : USMLE Step 1 Physiology

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Gastrointestinal Motility : USMLE Step 1 Physiology

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility refers to the movement of food and other materials through the digestive system. The process of GI motility is essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

The main types of motility in the GI tract include:

Mixing contractions: These contractions mix the food and digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine.

Propulsive contractions: These contractions propel food through the GI tract.

Peristalsis: This is a coordinated contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles in the GI tract that propels food and other materials along.

Segmentation: This is a mixing and churning motion that occurs in the small intestine, which helps to break down food and mix it with digestive enzymes.

The regulation of GI motility is complex and involves a variety of factors, including hormones, neural signals, and the local environment in the GI tract. One of the most important hormones involved in GI motility is motilin, which is secreted by cells in the small intestine and helps to regulate the migrating motor complex (MMC), a cyclical pattern of contractions that sweeps through the small intestine and helps to move food along.

Disorders of GI motility can have a significant impact on digestion and nutrient absorption. Some common disorders include:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a common disorder characterized by abnormal GI motility, which can lead to abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Gastroparesis: This is a condition in which the stomach takes too long to empty, leading to nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms.

Constipation: This is a common disorder in which bowel movements are infrequent or difficult to pass, often due to slow or weak contractions in the colon.

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