PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION- RIDGE COUNTING & WHORL TRACING

RIDGE COUNTING
RULES IN RIDGE COUNTING
GIVE ONE RIDGE COUNT FOR:
• Ridge island or a dot
• Short ridge
• Long ridge or ridge ending
• Abrupt ending ridge
• When crosses a bifurcation or immediately the point of the bifurcating ridges
• Ridge enclosure or lake
• Crossing or meeting of two ridges
• When the core is located on a spike which touches the inside of the innermost re-curving ridge, the re-curve is included in the ridge count only when the delta is located below a line drawn at right angles to the spike.
WHORL TRACING
RULES IN WHORL TRACING
• Tracing begins from the left delta until the extreme right delta is reached
• When the ridge traced ends abruptly, and it is determined that the ridge definitely ends, the tracing drops down to the point on the next lower ridge immediately beneath the point where the ridge above ends, continuing from there
• Whenever the ridge traced bifurcates, the rule for tracing requires that the lower limb or branch proceeding from the bifurcation be followed
• Accidentals often possess three or more deltas. In tracing them only the extreme deltas are considered, the tracing beginning at the extreme left delta and proceeding toward the extreme right delta
• If the ridge traced passes inside of (above) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the delta, the tracing is designated as an "INNER"—I
• If the ridge traced passes outside (below) the right delta, and three or more ridges intervene between the tracing ridge and the right delta, the tracing is designated as an "OUTER"—O
• All other tracings are designated as "MEETING"—M