Stereoisomerism-7 || Optical Isomerism#3 || Fischer Projection / Wedge Dash Projection || By OM Sir

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A wedge and dash projection (wedge-and-dash) is a means of representing a molecule (a drawing) in which three types of lines are used in order to represent the three-dimensional structure: (1) solid lines to represent bonds that are in the plane of the paper, (2) dashed lines to represent bonds that extend away from the viewer, and (3) wedge-shaped lines to represent bonds oriented facing the viewer.

Although there is no hard-and-fast rule for drawing a wedge and dash structure, most people find it easiest to visualize the three-dimensional shape of a molecule if the pair of bonds in the same plane as the paper is drawn next to each other, and the bonds in front of and behind the plane are also drawn next to each other (as in the example shown).

Although the wedge-and-dash is the most common method of representing molecules in 3D, there are other diagrams you may encounter, including the sawhorse diagram and Newman projections.
Fisher projection is the two dimentioanl representation o a three dimentional molecule. The conversion of a perspective drawing to a Fischer projection requires rotating the molecule so that the "top" and "bottom" groups are oriented back, away from you. This places the "right" and "left" groups in a position where they are projecting outward towards you, as in a "bow-tie". With the molecule thus arranged, all bonds are drawn as simple lines, and the central carbon is always omitted.