3.1 Properties of Solid , Liquid , Gas | Physical States of Matter | Class 11 | Chemistry

STATES OF MATTER:

Matter exists in four states i.e., solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The simplest form of matter is the gaseous state and most of matter around us is in the solid state.
Liquids are less common than solids, gases and plasmas. The reason is that the liquid state of any substance can exist only within a relatively narrow range of temperature and
Let us look at the general properties of gases, liquids and solids. Kinetic molecular theory of gases can help us understand their properties.

Properties of Gases:

1. Gases don't have a definite volume and occupy all the available space. The volume of a gas is the volume of the container.
They don't have a definite shape and take the shape of the container just like liquids.
3. Due to low densities of gases, as compared to those of liquids and solids, the gases bubble through liquids and tend to rise up.
4. Gases
can diffuse and effuse. This property is negligible in solids but operates in liquids as well.
5. Gases can be compressed by applying a pressure because there are large empty spaces between their molecules.
6. Gases can expand on heating or by increasing the available volume. Liquids and solids, on the other hand, do not show an appreciable increase in volume when they are heated.
7. When sudden expansion of gases occurs cooling takes place, it is called.
Joule Thomson effect.
8. Molecules of gases are in a constant state of random motion. They can exert a certain pressure on the walls of the container and this pressure is due to the number of collisions.
9. The intermolecular forces in gases are very weak.

Properties of Liquids:

1. Liquids don't have a definite shape but have a definite volume. Unlike solids they adopt the shape of the container.
2. Molecules of liquids are in a constant state of motion. The evaporation and diffusion of liquid molecules is due to this motion.
3. The densities of liquids are much greater than those of gases but are close to those of solids.
4. The spaces among the molecules of liquids are negligible just like solids.

5. The intermolecular attractive forces in liquids are intermediate between gases and solids. The melting and boiling points of gases, liquids and solids depend upon the strength of such forces.
6. Molecules of liquids possess kinetic energy due to their motion.
Liquids can be converted into solids on cooling i.e., by decreasing their kinetic energy. Molecules of liquids collide among themselves and exchange energy but those of solids can not do so.

Properties of Solids:
The particles present in solid substances are very close to each other and they are tightly packed. Due to this reason solids are non-compressible and they cannot diffuse into each other.
2. There are strong attractive forces in solids which hold the particles together firmly and for this reason solids have definite shape and volume.
3. The solid particles possess only vibrational motion.


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