Learn Computer Science class 9: Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model with its Seven layers.

Learn Computer Science class 9: Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model with its Seven layers.
The OSI Networking Model
OSI means Open System Interconnection.
OSI Model is a framework used to understand how different networking protocols interact.
OSI Model has seven layers. Each layer has a specific function.
Layer 1: The Physical Layer
The Physical Layer is liable for the actual connection between devices.
The process of sending unprocessed data bits via a physical medium is the focus here.
Example: The hardware that connects computers, like a Network interface cables, repeaters, hubs and connectors make physical layer
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Error detection and correction, as well as node-to-node data transport, are handled by the Data Link Layer.
It ensures error-free data transmission from the Physical Layer.
Example: Data Link Layer is like traffic lights at intersections, which manage the flow of cars (data) and prevent collisions.
Layer 3: Network Layer
The Network Layer is responsible for data transfer between different networks.
It determines the best path for data to travel from the source to the destination.
The Network Layer uses IP addresses to route data between networks!
Example: A GPS system finding the best route for you to travel from home to school is an example of layer 3.
Layer 4: Transport Layer
In the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, Layer 4 is the Transport Layer.
Its primary function is to provide reliable data transfer between two communicating systems.
The Transport Layer uses protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to ensure reliable data transfer!
Example: Transport Layer is like a delivery service that ensures the package arrives safely and on time. When we place an online order for some food items, the delivery service like Food Panda takes food from the restaurant and safely delivers to us.
Layer 5: Session Layer
The Session Layer manages sessions between applications. It establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between devices.
Example: Imagine a phone call where the session layer sets up the call, keeps it connected, and ends it properly.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
The Presentation Layer translates data between the application layer and the network. It formats and encrypts data to ensure it is readable by the receiving system.
Example: Presentation Layer is like a translator converting a document from one language to another so that more people can read it.
The Presentation Layer handles data encryption and compression
Layer 7: Application Layer
The Application Layer is the closest to the end user. It provides network services directly to applications, such as email, web browsing, and file transfer.
Example: The Application Layer is like a waiter taking your order in a restaurant and bringing your food.
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