Milady NAILS Chapter 5 Pages 114-121 Product Chemistry

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Chapter 5 of Milady Nails focuses on nail structure, growth, essential terminology, and infection control to ensure safe and effective nail care practices.
Nail Structure and Growth
The natural nail is composed primarily of keratin and is technically called the onyx.
Matrix: Area where nail plate cells are produced; responsible for the growth of the nail plate.
Nail bed: Portion of living skin supporting the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.
Nail plate: The hard, visible part of the nail made of keratin, sliding over the nail bed as it grows.
Nail folds: Skin surrounding the nail plate, including lateral nail folds (sidewalls).
Cuticle: Nonliving tissue adhered to the nail plate, distinct from the eponychium, which is living skin at the base of the nail covering the matrix.
Free edge: Distal part of the nail plate that extends past the fingertip.
Hyponychium: Thickened skin beneath the free edge protecting the nail bed.
Lunula: Whitish, half-moon visible part of the matrix at the base of the nail.
Understanding the nail growth cycle and structures ensures cosmetologists can groom, strengthen, and maintain healthy nails safely
Essential Terminology
Natural nail unit: Includes all anatomical parts of the finger or toe from tip to knuckle.
Ligament: Tough tissue connecting bones or holding organs in place, important for nail stability.
Microorganism types: bacteria (cocci, bacilli, spirilla), fungi, viruses; differentiation is crucial for infection prevention.
Onychosis: General term for nail disease or deformity.
Infection control terms: antiseptic, disinfectant, sterilization, bloodborne pathogens, and Universal Precautions
Infection Control and Safety Practices
Proper handwashing (with soap and a disinfected nail brush for at least 1 minute) is required.
Salon implements that contact blood or body fluids must be cleaned and completely immersed in EPA-registered disinfectants.
Surfaces must be properly cleaned before disinfection, as disinfectants alone do not remove visible debris.
Sterilization ensures complete microbial destruction, including spores.
Universal Precautions mandate assuming all blood and body fluids are potentially infectious and using proper protective equipment.
Some disinfectants, like phenols and quats, must not contact skin, and porous items require special care
Professional Responsibilities
Cosmetologists are not allowed to trim or cut living skin around the nail or treat diseases.
Keeping a logbook of equipment use, cleaning, and disinfection supports safety and regulatory compliance.
Salon and personal hygiene, proper use of disinfectants, and adherence to state and federal laws are essential for professionalism
Overall, Chapter 5 provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding nail anatomy, correct maintenance techniques, safety protocols, and infection prevention, forming the basis for safe and professional nail services.