Substitution Reactions Revision በአማርኛ/

This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how nucleophilic substitution reactions work. It focuses on the SN1 and Sn2 reaction mechanism and it provides plenty of examples and practice problems. The Sn2 reaction is a second order nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate is dependent on the concentration of the substrate / alkyl halide and the nucleophile. SN2 reactions occur with inversion of configuration and work well with methyl and primary substrates. It's a concerted reaction mechanism that occurs in a single step. The rate law for the SN1 reaction is given as well. SN1 reactions proceed via a carbocation intermediate and carbocation rearrangements such as the hydride shift and the methyl shift are possible. SN1 reactions work well with tertiary alkyl halide substrates due to carbocation stability. Carbocations are stabilized by means of hyperconjugation and the inductive effect. SN1 reactions will produce an unequal racemic mixture. The stereochemistry of both reaction mechanisms are discussed in detail. SN1 reactions work well with polar protic solvents but SN2 reactions work better in polar aprotic solvents. Solvolysis reactions are sn1 reactions where the nucleophile is the same as the solvent.
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